Everything about Edmund Clifton Stoner totally explained
Edmund Clifton Stoner (born
October 2,
1899, in
Surrey,
England; died
December 27,
1968 in
Leeds,
England) was a
British theoretical
physicist. He is principally known for his work on the origin and nature of
magnetism, including the
collective electron theory of
ferromagnetism and the
Stoner criterion for
ferromagnetism.==Biography==
Stoner began to attend
Cambridge in
1918, receiving his undergraduate degree
in
1921. After graduation, he worked at the
Cavendish on the absorption of
X-rays by matter and
electron energy levels; his
1924 paper on this subject prefigured the
Pauli exclusion principle. Stoner was appointed as a lecturer at the
University of Leeds in
1924, where he became a professor of theoretical physics in
1939. Stoner did some early work in
astrophysics and computed a
limit for the mass of white dwarf stars in
1930. Most of his research, however, was on
magnetism, where, starting in
1938, he developed the collective electron theory of
ferromagnetism.
Stoner retired in
1963. The E. C. Stoner building at the University of Leeds is named after him.
,,
Stoner was diagnosed with
diabetes in
1919. He controlled it with diet until
1927, when
insulin treatment became available.
Stoner model of ferromagnetism
Electron bands can spontaneously split into up and down spins. This happens if the relative gain in
exchange interaction (the interaction of electrons via the Pauli exclusion principle) is larger than the loss in kinetic energy.
» is the
density of states at the
fermi energy.
Selected publications
- The distribution of electrons among atomic levels, Philosophical Magazine (6th series) 48 (1924), pp. 719–736.
- The limiting density of white dwarf stars, Philosophical Magazine (7th series) 7 (1929), pp. 63–70.
- The equilibrium of dense stars, Philosophical Magazine (7th series) 9 (1930), pp. 944–963.
- Magnetism and atomic structure, London: Methuen, 1926.
- Magnetism and matter, London: Methuen, 1934.
- Collective electron ferromagnetism, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, series A, 165 (1938), pp. 372–414.
- Collective electron ferromagnetism II. Energy and specific heat, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, series A, 169 (1939), pp. 339–371.
- Collective electron ferromagnetism in metals and alloys, Journal de physique et le radium (8th series) 12 (1951), pp. 372–388.
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